This case is about a 6-year-old boy, Bobby, who during an apparently successful kindergarten year suddenly began to have great difficulty attending school. The boy had a definite aversion to school unless at least one of his parents was present and even then he had much trepidation over entering his kindergarten classroom. The situation had both of his parents upset which impacted adversely on Bobby. Yet Bobby stated strongly that he wanted to attend school. Bobby was observed in kindergarten with a parent present and he participated fully and seemed rather happy. Bobby had developed an intense fear of family abandonment. The case was handled through a cognitive behavior therapy orientation that involved both changing reinforcement schedules and the utilization of cognitive self-control. A treatment plan was developed and implemented in which rewards were contingent upon behavioral objectives being achieved. Two positive reinforcements were used, at first continuously, and then changing them to decreasing fixed intervals. With the behavioral work which greatly involved positive reinforcement completed successfully, a purely cognitive treatment approach was implemented. It was obvious through the way Bobby generally conducted himself in school as well as what he said that he was growing rapidly in self-efficacy. Bobby began first grade without incident. (ABL)