School choice is one of the most debated aspects of the current education reforms. This report provides an overview of the issue of elementary and secondary school choice as it is being debated in the 102nd Congress. Under a school choice program, parents and students have a greater opportunity to influence where students enroll. The report assesses the context within which choice is being considered; the variety of such programs currently; how Federal legislative proposals address choice; and the issues such proposals raise. Key issues that are being debated as choice is considered include the following: the kind of accountability that should be applied to private schools, if they participate; whether inclusion of private, sectarian schools in a publicly funded choice program violates the U.S. Constitution; and what effects choice programs may have on educational quality, racial and ethnic segregation, and socioeconomic segregation. (17 footnotes) (MLF)