This paper reviews the dominant theoretical framework espoused by feminist writers in order to gain a deeper understanding of the distinction between feminist groups on the question of empowerment within the higher education establishment. Feminists are described as falling into three groups--liberal feminists, radical feminists and social feminists--though an alternative model sees feminist thinking as influenced either by a liberation model of pedagogy or by a gender model based on recent theories of women's development. Four major themes of empowerment are supported by these theories. The collective action and critique theme urges teachers and administrators to seek ways to work together. The gender and power theme sees the inequality and discrimination among women teachers as a gender concern which encompasses larger issues of power. The reform and feminist voice theme offers a model for feminist professionalism in opposition to masculine, mainstream visions of career advancement. A theme called caring, community, connectedness and equality emphasizes collaborative relationships. Included are 34 references. (JB)