This manual describes two methods of assessing college students' conceptual structures in the interest of student evaluation. The focus is on the mental frameworks (conceptual structures) that enable students to remember and apply facts and theories. The guide offers two methods, the "ordered-tree" and the "fill-in-the-structure." An introduction discusses the general uses of the techniques, modes of assessment, and the measures that each offers. Section I describes the ordered tree technique including preparation of the stimuli, materials, administration, scoring (examples included), and interpretation of results. Section II describes the fill-in-the-structure method including preparation of the materials, administration (two figures from an ecology course included), scoring, and interpretation. A third section presents some considerations of similar and different aspects of the two techniques to assist instructors in selecting the best method for the situation. An appendix contains an example of scoring the fill-in-the-structure task with detailed explanation and eight references. A computer disk to aid in the analysis of the ordered-tree task has also been developed. (JB)