This document consists of a number of figures and diagrams suitable for overhead transparencies that illustrate and elaborate on the prnciples of failure-oriented training (a model for improving the effectiveness of instructional analysis). By adding a few simple steps to analysis, the resulting training will be closer to the idealized tutor: ever-present, all-knowing, and infinitely patient. Each user has different sets of training needs, centered around a perceived potential for failure. The illustrative material in this document presents the characteristics of the learner, the training environment, and technical implementation for the three orientations: training before failure, training during failure, and training after failure. Training before failure is effective when it is fully prescribed, consists of incremental steps, and is conducted in a protected environment. Examples include most self-paced training whether workbook, computer-based training, or interactive video display. Training during failure is characterized by on-demand implementation, student-controlled delivery, and a non-protected environment. Discovery learning (playing), embedded training, online help systems, job aids, and reference manuals are examples. Training after failure depends on behavioral diagnostics, coaching, and learning from one's mistakes. Examples include access to experts (hot-lines and support desks), troubleshooting and diagnostic tools, and problem-solving strategies. The document presents case study examples of training programs, including the new online education for the IBM AS/400 system to illustrate failure-oriented training. (EW)