This booklet informs teachers, administrators and other educational personnel about how students learn to regulate their own behaviors, which kinds of behavior are pertinent to successful learning in schools, and what processes can bring about agreement on behavioral standards among students, parents and school personnel. A review of theory and research on positive student behavior includes a statement of the problem, specific expectations for student behavior and principles of discipline. The New Jersey Project on Student Expectations is described, including rationale and objectives for prevention of behavioral problems in the schools. Instructional programs for fostering positive student behavior are described. These include: (1) social learning; (2) structured learning approaches; (3) cognitive-affective problem solving; (4) general instructional strategies; (5) standards for social-personal behavior, and (6) validated programs of demonstrated effectiveness. Appendices include a list of the advisory committee membership and districts participating in the New Jersey project, shared expectations for student behaviors, validated programs for fostering positive student behavior and a listing of related publications of the New Jersey State Department of Education. (LLL)