The mathematical sciences, based largely in academia, are crucial not only for the development of new knowledge but also as a needed resource in the education of our technological work force. As with other scientific professions, the challenge of meeting the growing need for workers in the face of shrinking supplies will require a program of national action, but the situation in the mathematical sciences is particularly severe. This report describes the circumstances and issues related to the human resources in the mathematical sciences, principally students and teachers at U.S. colleges and universities. It contains data from a large number of existing sources and provides a comprehensive set of data describing the demographic situation in the mathematical sciences. Chapters include: (1) "Introduction and Historical Perspective"; (2) "The U.S. Labor Force and Higher Education"; (3) "College and University Mathematical Sciences"; (4) "Majors in Mathematics and Statistics"; (5) "Mathematical Scientists in the Workplace"; and (6) "Issues and Implications." A list of 123 references, 45 figures, and 22 tables of data are appended. (CW)