The purposes of this book are to attract attention to the necessity for quality advice on science and technology issues to the President of the United States, Congress, and to the Judiciary; provoke thought regarding the reconsideration and improvement of the existing mechanisms and organizations; and to provide a compendium of facts and opinions useful to government officials, journalists, scholars, and students of political science, science policy, and the history of science. Eighty-five authors describe and discuss science and technology advising organizations of the U.S. Government. The contributors recommend diverse ways to improve the structure and functions of these organizations. Authors include both of former President Reagan's Science Advisors, former President Gerald Ford, Science Advisors to previous presidents, Congressional leaders, and distinguished members of the Judiciary. Major issues discussed are the restoration of the President's Science and Technology Advisor to the original level, the re-establishment of the President's Science Advisory Committee, and the creation of a Department of Science. (CW)