This review of the literature begins by exploring the development of computer literacy as a discipline since its introduction in colleges and universities around 1965 and in economically privileged high schools around 1970. The impact of a conference sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Human Resources Research Organization in 1980 on the evolution of computer literacy both as a concept and as a curriculum is then discussed. It is noted that this was the beginning of the debate over whether or not computer literacy should include programming. The different approach taken by the "new" computer literacy in the early 1980s is also briefly discussed, and five predictions for the future based on a consensus of computer literacy "thinkers" are presented: (1) software development will improve and increase; (2) textbook publishers will continue to control computer literacy curriculum; (3) teachers and administrators will continue to need more and better training; (4) the use of technology will alter the organization of schools; and (5) computer hardware will continue to drop in price and improve in performance. Discussions of the issues involved in three major areas that should be addressed by planning teams--training, hardware and software acquisition, and curriculum--conclude the paper. (RP)