Focusing on the analysis of communication networks within organizations with an eye toward implications for study of external communication, this paper (1) develops a systems theory/communication view of the nature of formal organizations, (2) illustrates the notion of holistic organizational communication networks in organizations which include both formal and informal contact patterns, and (3) explores ways each might be helpful in studying the impact of internal organizational functions on external relationships and outcomes, or the impact of the suprasystem on internal relationships and functions. The following conclusions are drawn: that the concept of networks is embedded in the systems theory framework; that communication networks are crucial to the internal and external functions of an organization; that systems theory and network analysis each offer useful conceptual approaches to social and organizational research; and that, combined, they can be a powerful intellectual underpinning and impetus for internal and external organizational communication research and its applications in the professional field of public relations. (JD)