While an extensive vocabulary in English as a second language (ESL) is important for effective communication, quantity of vocabulary alone does not guarantee effectiveness. Vocabulary quality, as contrasted with quantity, can make a great difference in the extent to which one can successfully participate in a community of native English speakers. Some commonly neglected vocabulary needs of ESL students include: ways of expressing meaning other than through precise lexical items, such as defining vocabulary and phrases to circumvent exact words, and the use of near synonyms; skills in exploiting lexical patterning, or the ways in which lexical items are related as in synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms; and knowledge of how to inform the speaker when and why the student does not understand, and to have something explained or repeated. Exercises can be developed to fill each of these needs and to enable ESL students to interact with native speakers with greater ease, confidence, and success. (MSE)