This is a report on House bill H.R. 4745, the Sexual Abuse Act of 1986, which would amend title 18 of the United States Code to modernize and reform federal rape statutes. The document opens with the actual text of the amendment. A section on the background of current federal rape law discusses the crime of rape as primarily a state, not federal, law enforcement problem and reviews the history of the definition of rape and its current meaning in federal law. The intent of the legislation is described in these points: (1) defining offenses in gender-neutral terms; (2) defining offenses so that a trial focuses on the conduct of the defendant, instead of the conduct of the victim; (3) expanding the offenses to reach all forms of sexual abuse; (4) abandoning the doctrines of resistance and spousal immunity; and (5) expanding the federal jurisdiction to include all federal prisons. A section-by-section analysis discusses the effects of each section. Discussions of inflationary impact and cost estimates are included. Finally, the changes this amendment makes in individual sections of Title 18, United States Code, are shown with existing law proposed to be omitted and new wording proposed to be included. (ABL)