Based on an 11-month investigation of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries (SIL), this report focuses on preservation problems in the general collections. Brittleness is pinpointed as the most serious problem, and the environmental conditions which exacerbate the deterioration of materials in the collection are discussed. SIL's earlier in this collection are discussed. SIL's earlier programs for preservation treatment and disaster planning are evaluated, and the options for education and preservation methods are considered. A strategy for dealing with the deterioration of the SIL collection is outlined in 37 recommendations which address organization; policies; collection maintenance; staff training; establishment of intercept and emergency action programs; public awareness; funding and fund-raising; and facilities planning, supplies, and equipment. The following related information is included in the appendices: (1) Task Force Membership; (2) Implementation Schedule; (3) SIL Collection Survey and Instructions; (4) Problems--Total Sample and by Location; (5) Walk-Through Environmental Conditions Task Force; (6) Temperature and Relative Humidity Readings; (7) Light Readings; (8) Position Description for Preservation Services Officer; (9) Draft Introduction to an SIL Preservation Policy; and (10) SIL Policies Relating to Preservation. (KM)