A review of the clinically relevant literature on prevention of child maltreatment was conducted in an attempt to provide: (1) a definition and theoretical understanding of some aspects of prevention, child maltreatment, and social support systems; (2) a proposal of the usefulness of social isolation as an important theme in interpreting the results of research; and (3) information valuable to the clinician, researcher, and religious leader in developing effective programs. Some psychologists have adopted a medical/treatment model for dealing with child maltreatment while other community psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers have preferred a community/educational model. The Christian church has offered pastoral counseling, fellowship groups, and home visitors. Proposed treatment orientations have generally adopted an ecological perspective. This approach is comprehensive enough to encompass the multiple factors that have been correlated with child maltreatment, including factors involving family interactions, the immediate environment, and the culture of those affected. The isolation of the family has been shown to be an effective unifying theme throughout the literature on child maltreatment. This isolation can be partially countered by the development and effective use of social support systems. Both the psychological and the religious communities acknowledge the importance of support systems in preventing child maltreatment. While treatment will always be needed, prevention must become a priority in combating child maltreatment. A six-page reference list is provided. (NB)