This comparative analysis of the salaries of Japanese and American public school teachers addresses these principal questions: (1) How does the level of public school teachers' salaries in Japan (measured in terms of teachers' purchasing power) compare with that in the United States? (2) How does the teachers' salary structure in Japan compare with that in the United States? and (3) How well are teachers rewarded relatively in the two countries compared with levels of income and output in each country and with the rewards available in non-teaching occupations? Specific data are presented on: (1) structure of salaries in Japan and the United States; (2) differences between the two countries on other conditions of teaching (qualifications, duties, and working conditions); (3) Yen-to-Dollar conversions; (4) comparisons of average salaries and recent trends; (5) the relationship of teacher pay to seniority; (6) teachers' salaries relative to general levels of economic activity; and (7) teachers' salaries relative to salaries in other occupations. (JD)