An overview is presented of recent research that has improved the understanding of teaching, effective teaching functions, and the processes which can be employed to improve teaching. This research has been used by those writing national reports on education, and plays an important role for state policymakers who are considering legislation to improve teaching and teacher preparation, school districts implementing school improvement programs, and staff developers working with teachers to improve instruction. Brief summaries are offered on research findings on the topics of: (1) what is teaching; (2) the teacher as executive, classroom manager, and expert communicator; (3) collegiality among teachers; (4) the teacher as a clerical worker; and (5) the teacher as a potential researcher. The changing role of the teacher in today's society is also examined. A discussion is offered on research findings on effective teaching and exemplary teacher behaviors, as well as the characteristics of effective classrooms. In conclusion, some reflections are offered on how research can improve the quality of teaching. (JD)