While recent research has examined some qualities that are related to marital adjustment, none has examined personal development variables that might be expected to significantly relate to marital adjustment and to gender-role self-concept. A study was conducted to examine relationships among gender-role self-concepts, personal development, and marital adjustment. Data from 107 middle-class couples in long-term marriages (M=21.93 years married) were obtained from a marital adjustment scale, the shortened Bem Sex Role Inventory, Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Descriptive path analyses revealed some similarities consistent with past research. There were, however, many differences in predictors of marital adjustment for women and men. The results revealed that for men, femininity, self-regard, and inner-directedness were related to marital adjustment with masculinity indirectly related. For women, femininity, existentiality, self-regard, and self-acceptance were found to be related to marital adjustment. The most striking finding was the isolation of masculinity for women. These finding suggest that the connections between femininity and marital adjustment are similar for both men and women but the connections for masculinity are strikingly different. (Author/NB)