This report describes methodology and results of a study to determine the nature and extent of the high school dropout problem in the Appalachian region and to explore characteristics of existing programs dealing with dropout problems in the region. Data aggregation complicated by lack of standardization in reporting numbers of dropouts and dropout rates prompted the alternate approach of computing a "leavers" rate--the difference between number of pupils enrolled at the beginning of grade 7 in 1977-78 and the numbers completing grade 12 in 1983-84. Dropout rates for 39% of Appalachian counties were found to be more than 1.5 times the national average. Low economic status was found for 60% of dropouts; poor academic achievement was the main reason for dropping out. No significant differences were found between rural and urban dropouts. Public school programs for dropout problems were found in 241 school districts and 11 Local Development Districts. Program descriptions identified seven types of remediation: counseling, alternative, attitudinal, work-related programs, tutorials, parental involvement, and attendance incentives. Detailed descriptions are provided of nine dropout prevention projects and five technical assistance programs funded by the Appalachian Regional Commission. A table compares dropout rates by state as computed by various methods. (LFL)