Learning, motivational, creative, and leadership characteristics of very able pupils are listed prior to a discussion of aspects of programs available for gifted children in Australia, where the education of the gifted has not developed as an area of specialization within education. Early in the discussion, specific attention is given to research concerning gifted education. Because gifted children whose talents remain unrecognized may become underachievers, characteristics of underachieving children are listed. Also listed are types of school provision for the gifted child, whether within or outside the school and the school day. The paper concludes with a summation of educational provisions for the gifted in the Australian context and suggests directions for program development. (RH)