This publication discusses some of the differences between public school systems and the Catholic school system in the United States. The document first notes that the public schools draw their authority from the people through democratic processes, whereas Catholic schools derive their authority from the Catholic Church and have a responsibility for furthering Catholic interests. the differences between the ways the two school systems organize their management are explored next. The decision-making structure of the Catholic system is explained, and the roles of school boards, pastors, and principals are placed in perspective. The responsibilities of diocesan central offices and sponsoring religious orders are also covered. The publication then distinguishes between educational policy created by boards of education and school rules and regulations set forth by school administrators. The place of teacher associations in the Catholic schools is discussed, and due process and conflict resolution methods in the parochial setting are reviewed. (PGD)