Research on the nature of gifted children's learning is reviewed. Studies are cited on the following topics: cognitive style (learning style preferences, field independence/dependence, locus of control, and hemispheric specialization), cognitive development (differentiated stage development), cognitive strategy selection (components of problem solving); and social and emotional characteristics (interpersonal sensitivity, social cognition). Environmental factors influencing giftedness are cited, including exposure to content, practice in divergent thinking, critical analysis techniques, and communications skills development. An annotated reference list is appended. (CL)