The Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) granted public land to the states to establish agricultural and mechanical colleges. The land grant concept of bringing the services of the colleges to the farmers and mechanics was implemented by the Hatch Act (1887). Other important acts were the Second Morrill Act (1890), which gave monetary supplements to established land-grant colleges, and the Smith-Lever Act (1914), which provided for a program of cooperative extension work in agriculture and home economics. From 1914 to 1917 the economic and political conditions of the United States changed drastically. Craftsmen and leaders saw the necessity of promoting industrial education to meet societal demands caused by these conditions. The Douglas Commission (1906) was appointed to seek information concerning what was being done in Massachusetts public schools for manual training. Its report was responsible for legislation incorporating vocational education into the public school system. Another prime mover of vocational education into the public secondary school was the National Society for the Promotion of Vocational Education (1906). One effect resulting from the success of the leaders of the National Society was the development of a movement for more Federal aid for vocational programs--the Federal Commission on National Aid to Vocational Education (1914). (YLB)