The goal of test item writing is to create measures of the true achievement dimensions desired, not extraneous abilities or related skills. To encourage university instructors to apply newer test item writing technologies to test construction for course examinations, this paper: (1) sets forth basic principles for quality item writing; (2) reviews recent research on item writing methods; (3) suggests areas for future research; and (4) provides application guidelines for instructors. Test blueprint methods match the cognitive test level to the level of instruction. Theory based methods use research theories in learning, attitude, or intelligence to dictate test construction steps. Diagnostic methods break achievement into components to identify student weaknesses. Emerging areas in item writing research include: (1) computer applications; (2) linking teaching and testing; (3) components of achievement performance; and (4) multidimensional analysis of instructionally-based tests. While an instructor's time limitations may prevent the complex analyses and field testing necessary to some of these methods, certain principles can be applied more informally and pay rich dividends. (BS)