This discussion argues that two approaches are helpful in reconciling the dissonance and conflict between attitudes and behavior in families, that results from faulty expectations in childrearing processes. One such approach is to change attitudes so they conform to actual behavior. An alternative approach is to change behavioral patterns to make them more beneficial to a given cultural situation. It is asserted that the equation of emotionality with the nonrational and the inability to apprehend the logic of emotion lies at the root of much of the discontent between the sexes. Childrearing practices in rural Ireland and in the tribal culture of the Mundurucu of Brazil are described to illuminate this point. A study by Whiting and Whiting (1975) of the social behavior of children in six cultures is next described. This study establishes the following transcultural behavior categories: nurturance, succorance, sociability, dominance, aggression, responsibility, self-reliance, and obedience. The question of adult homosexual deviance is also discussed. It is concluded that psychological anthropologists have come to see the individual as subject to continual biological and environmental changes and hence to subsequent personality adjustments and to external adaptations to new roles. (AS)