This publication is the third in a series of biennial reports in which academic resources in science and engineering are analyzed. It is based primarily on findings from four National Science Foundation surveys that collect information on academic research and development (R&D) expenditures, federal obligations, employment of scientists and engineers, and the characteristics of graduate students in science and engineering (S/E) programs. The report is designed to integrate these survey results with those of other data sources to provide an overview of the status of academic resources, focusing on the 1970s and early 1980s, with some implications for the immediate future. The report consists of three parts: (1) trends in academic R&D expenditures (including data on the federal role, industrial support expenditures for research equipment, and other areas); (2) trends in academic S/E employment (including data on sex of scientists and engineers, women doctorate-holders, and minority scientists and engineers, and other areas); and (3) trends in graduate S/E enrollment (including data on sources of support and other areas). Also included are three appendices providing technical notes, 19 statistical tables with supporting data for each of the report's three parts, and copies of survey instruments. (JN)