The influence that pharmacists can have in solving the problem of patients who either do not take their medication or take it improperly is discussed. The incidence of patient noncompliance in the treatment regimen is considered, based on research findings. It appears that most noncompliance is rooted in either the patient's inability to understand and retain instructions given, and/or the inability of health professionals to properly instruct the patient. Research indicates that many patients are not able to comprehend the directions supplied on nonprescription drug containers. Some patients think they know more about their medications or therapy then they actually do. Many physicians tend to underestimate the knowledge of their patients and are therefore less likely to discuss pertinent disease and treatment concerns. Solutions rest on the need for increased communication between health practitioners and patients. There are advantages and disadvantages of having pharmacists provide drug counseling/consultation to patients to alleviate the problem of patient noncompliance. The purpose of consultation is to educate patients. The success of such counseling is affected by the acceptance of this concept by both physicians and patients. (SW)