This report reviews the 1970-1983 research on the impact of school-based anti-smoking education on smoking related attitudes and behaviors. A summary and introduction to the report are given. Seventy-four research reports are analyzed according to geographic origin, year of publication, and age of the target groups. Anti-smoking education programs within the above typology are further classified by delivery system, objectives, and strategies. Common problems of definition, design, or reporting are identified and elaborated upon. The research findings are discussed in regard to the impact of education and mediating variables on knowledge about smoking, on attitudes toward smoking, and on delivery systems. The success of anti-smoking education programs is examined from the perspective of two objectives: persuading non-smoking children not to smoke; and persuading smokers to smoke less. Conclusions are presented in relation to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnic origin. An analysis of the results from research studies on New Zealand populations is given. The report concludes with several comments on target population groups and programs to effectively address those groups. (BL)