The use of language proficiency rating scales in Australian school language programs is discussed, focusing primarily on the Australian Second Language Proficiency Ratings (ASLPR), the only direct instrument developed in Australia that is in widespread use and that has been extensively tested. It is also the only one developed for use with a variety of languages (including English as a second language) and a variety of learner types, and also for measuring both general and special purpose proficiency. The appropriateness of the ASLPR at different program stages, the purposes for testing and the considerations in matching purposes with instruments, item selection, and the use of both rating scales and other direct and semidirect test instruments in program planning are examined. The particular problems of relating ratings to grades are considered, with special attention given to the use of goals and objectives in the development of general language proficiency and to their implications for testing. (MSE)