Trends in college participation are examined as evidence of how the nation is doing in improving educational opportunity. Attention is directed to changes in the college participation rates of dependent and independent students, blacks and whites, males and females, and different income groups between 1969 and 1981. Influences, such as college costs and personal attitudes, are briefly addressed. Data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey were used. Findings include the following: participation rates for the lowest income groups were down most sharply among black dependent students; participation rates of independent students have increased since 1969 for all groups except males (who show a decline); participation rates of women have been increasing during this period; and participation rates for low income blacks were down, while rates for independent black students were up sharply. It is suggested that financial aid for the most needy students should be increased, particularly to correct for the effect of inflation. Competing requests for funds for middle income and academically talented students should be weighed against the national commitment to reduce financial barriers for the most needy. (SW)