The paper presents basic information about gifted underachievers (UAGs). Terms such as "potential" and "underachievement" are defined and identification processes considered (parents' and teachers' roles are defined, and typical characteristics of UAGs noted). Causes of underachievement in gifted students are considered, including motivational problems, lack of environmental nurturance of intellectual potential, mild to severe handicaps, developmental delays, poor health, and specific or general academic skill deficits. Five program components successful in reversing underachievement are addressed: the teacher, the curriculum, the instruction, the peer group, and special services. Delivery models (self-contained classrooms, resource rooms, and regular classes with individualized education program support) are described. (CL)