One of several papers commissioned by the National Institute of Education (NIE), this discussion addresses the utility of test-equating studies for large-scale program evaluation and investigates the use of standardized tests in similar evaluation efforts. The discussion begins with an examination of the question, Should standardized achievement tests be used in a programmatic evaluation of Follow Through? Predominant issues in the argument against the use of standardized tests in program evaluation are then addressed. It is concluded that the earlier practice of evaluating Follow Through with a single standardized achievement test should be abandoned. The second question addressed poses the issue of whether NIE should sponsor another large-scale test-equating study in support of Follow Through program evaluation. Consideration of this issue is based largely on experience gained through the administration of the Anchor Test Study (ATS). Following a brief description of ATS history, the discussion draws on an extensive review of the literature to suggest that ATS results have not been considered. Finally, implications of the review for Project Follow Through are presented together with (1) a set of recommendations concerning the use of standardized tests in the evaluation of Follow Through, and (2) recommendations about NIE sponsorship of a major test-equating study involving tests that might be suitable for Follow Through program evaluation. (RH)