Because there is little theoretical background to explain the process of adopting computers for instruction in postsecondary institutions, this paper reviews the literature on this process from the perspective of technological innovation. Technological innovation is defined as the use of tools and techniques which extend human capability and which are new to an organization. The literature on academic computing, which consists primarily of descriptions of programs on individual campuses, is briefly reviewed. Key concepts and findings from studies on technological innovation are then outlined, providing information on the role of individuals in organizational innovation, characteristics of innovative organizations, the influence of an organization's context on the process of innovation, and the innovation process itself. The concepts found in the literature on technological innovation are applied to academic computing; evidence is cited which indicates that the perspective of technological innovation can be used to explain the process of implementing academic computing. Finally the paper suggests an agenda for further research in this area. A 22-item bibliography is provided. (Author/ESR)