This guide begins with a series of questions and answers that introduce Pennsylvania's Educational Quality Assessment (EQA) Inventory as a 188- to 190-item multiple-choice test for grades 5, 8, and 11. Items are selected from a 400-item bank using matrix sampling procedures. Test results are analyzed at the school level; no individual student profiles are given. The 14 areas of measurement of the EQA are presented, with the measurement rationale and safeguards, and descriptions of (1) the assessment design, (2) the matrix sampling test design, (3) EQA reliability, and (4) EQA validity. The 14 areas are: (1) self-esteem, (2) understanding others, (3) reading comprehension, (4) writing skills, (5) mathematics, (6) interest in school and learning, (7) societal responsibility, (8) knowledge of law/government, (9) health, (10) creative activities, (11) career awareness, (12) appreciating human accomplishments, (13) knowledge of human accomplishments, and (14) information usage. (PN)