The role of the public library in providing supplementary materials and services to those still in school, and offering opportunities for continuing education to the public at large is explored. Challenges facing public libraries as they attempt to respond to "A Nation at Risk" are discussed, including the decline of literacy in the information society, the constriction of economic support for public libraries, and the increased similarity of available information. A review is presented of public library developments that offer optimism for the public library's ability to meet these challenges: a shift from an institutional to a client orientation; rethinking of the public library mission; and reorganization and cooperation for increased effectiveness. Continuing constraints under which public libraries struggle are addressed, including continuing economic pressure, perceived irrelevance, and lack of training and skills in library staff. Recommendations are made regarding content, standards and expectations, time, teaching, leadership, and fiscal support in public libraries. (JD)