The underrepresentation or absence of blacks in many science and engineering areas is of major concern. A strong mathematics background is essential to success in these fields, and mathematics anxiety is the greatest obstacle facing many black students. Seven common causes of mathematics anxiety among blacks are listed: low expectations and callous reactions of teachers to student questions; teachers' overemphasis on fundamental and computational procedures rather than creative problem solving; parental expressions of their mathematics difficulties; inadequate knowledge of black achievement in science and engineering; the belief that special talents are needed; the belief that mathematical ability is inherent rather than developed; and the failure to be properly trained in early grades. The fear that prevents many blacks from seeking jobs that require mathematics is also discussed. Five challenges that must be faced are then presented to aid blacks in overcoming mathematics anxiety. (MNS)