Vietnam veterans from racial or ethnic minority groups have a "double minority" status; clinicians treating these veterans should distinguish between behaviors resulting from experiences in Vietnam and those due to experiences as members of minority groups. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects an estimated 20% of all Vietnam veterans and has a wide range of physical and behavioral symptoms, some of which (high unemployment, low levels of education, alienation from the majority culture, feelings of anger at and oppression by authority, feelings of powerlessness, low self-esteem, high levels of violence and depression, high suicide rates, and high levels of alcohol/substance abuse) are similar to characteristics of some minority group members. Clinicians should avoid making a diagnosis on the basis of stereotypes of minorities or of Vietnam veterans, and should have a clear understanding of the causes and symptoms of PTSD and a good sense of their own biases and values. Both veterans and minority people have suffered discrimination and may be wary or hostile when seeking clinical services; clinicians should distinguish whether these attitudes are due to racial, cultural or experiential factors. Specific therapeutic interventions which have been used with minority Vietnam veterans include Rap Groups and linkages with traditional indigenous healers from minority communities. (MH)