This paper describes the problems, services, and role of school libraries and media centers in the developing countries, and an experimental research project at the Abadina Media Resource Center (AMRC) in Nigeria. Six problems facing developing countries in the provision of school media services are discussed. An overview of the present state of school library service, based partially on international surveys conducted by Jean Lowrie and Laverne Carroll in 1972 and 1982 respectively, covers standards, manuals of practice, resources, staffing, national associations, administration, and funding. The Abadina research project is described as an investigation into the effects of providing library skills education in primary schools for children of different socioeconomic backgrounds. AMRC activities and services are also described. Among the recommendations outlined for developing countries are the introduction of national policies and legislation establishing multipurpose media resource centers, the adoption of the local language as one of the official media center languages, the integration of book and audiovisual resources, and the introduction of library user education into primary and secondary school programs. Appendices comprise a chart outlining school media provision in selected developing countries, subject lists for multimedia collection development in support of a Nigerian primary school curriculum and for multimedia functional literacy packages, and a 161-item bibliography. (ESR)