A study investigated some theoretical bases of two language-learning approaches, the audiolingual method and transformational grammar. Additionally, the study looked at the concept of language socialization and some anthropological concepts as they pertain to the teaching of English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). A brief historical and linguistic overview is presented of recent developments relevant to contemporary American antrhopology; and parallels are drawn between the theories and approaches of linguistics, anthropology, and psychology. Methodological and theoretical considerations about the audiolingual and cognitive approaches to second language instruction are discussed. Key elements of language socialization and their significance to TESOL are outlined, and a practical theory for TESOL is formulated. It is concluded that an integrative approach addressing the psychological and sociolinguistic needs of students through anthropology, will contribute to effective language teaching. (Author/MSE)