Based on information found in statistical compilations and other publications, the status of women in librarianship was examined in three groups of countries: western-style democracies including the United States, Canada, France, and New Zealand; Soviet bloc countries including Bulgaria, Cuba, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Hungary and Czechoslovakia; and developing nations including Nigeria, India, and Brazil. In all three groups of nations, librarianship was found to be a women's profession, i.e., a profession in which an atypically high percentage of employed professionals and degree recipients are women. The only exception to this was found in Nigeria. In all the countries examined, a pattern of intraoccupational segregation was also found, i.e., librarianship exhibited different career tracks for men and women. Differences were found in the kinds of academic degrees conferred, the prestige of occupational subfields entered, the job levels attained within these subfields, and the salaries earned at each job level. Men were consistently found to have achieved higher status in librarianship than women. This publication presents the results of the cross-national examination of librarianship, with tables showing statistical differences in status and career track for male and female librarians and quotations from reports on librarianship in various countries. A 45-item bibliography is included. (Author/ESR)