Research approaches to studying classroom behavior management are reviewed. Examples of four types of research approaches (interaction analysis, ecological research, applied behavior analysis, and process-product correlational research are cited. Findings regarding immediate variables (positive attention for appropriate behavior, back-up reinforcers, intervention for inappropriate behavior, classroom rules, and teacher awareness) are presented, along with findings about more long-term variables (feedback and corrections, active academic responding, and transition and lesson pacing). Questions involving appropriate types of observational methods are noted and the need for research in special education settings is stressed. Fourteen pages of references and publications are included. (CL)