The relationship between world hunger and world population is explored in this document for high school global education classes. Reasons for the high birth rates in developing nations are suggested, e.g., a poor family has many children because children are an inexpensive work force, provide extra income, and care for parents in old age. The author argues that overpopulation in developing countries and overconsumption in wealthy nations leads to inequitable distribution of the world's resources. He also points to the failure of birth control programs in third world countries and suggests that the benefits of development (e.g., health care and sanitation services, education, and community support groups) could do much to decrease the birth rate. Ideas for action and a brief list of reference materials are included. (KC)