New ground has been broken in what is labeled as "anthropological diplomacy"--a study of the theory and practice of peace promotion and/or conflict resolution between/among micro-units (e.g., tribes) or macro-units (e.g., nation-states) based on sound knowledge of a society's fundamental cultural premises. There are six papers. The first underscores the importance of the psycho-socio-cultural characteristics of concerned and politicized populations in the recent U.S.-Iran diplomatic confrontation. The significance of the psychological and sociopolitical contexts in Soviet-U.S. relations is stressed in the second paper. The second and third papers use the tribe and the town as their units of analyses, discussing the relationships between the custom of headhunting and diplomacy in the Philippines and ethnicity and diplomacy in Mexico. Development diplomacy (the attempt of developed nations to earn cooperation from other nations through assistance) and the need for perspectives in the promotion of technology transfer from the developed to the developing societies are treated in the last two papers. A general discussion concludes the publication. (RM)