This study analyzes the extent to which targeting objectives of the Emergency Jobs Programs Extension Act (EJPEA) of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) programs have been achieved by federal and local officials and the effectiveness of limited-duration projects in providing useful public services. The study deals with the administration and program of EJPEA and with the consequences of doubling the size of public service employment programs in a very short period. It examines whether jobs created are positions that would not otherwise exist, but does not assess the extent of substitution. The major source of data was a survey conducted through a network of field research associates in 28 areas. The sample was drawn from the universe of 450 prime sponsors; government officials and U.S. Department of Labor reports also were consulted. The study found that the basic objectives of EJPEA--directing the program more to persons who have been least successful in the job market and restraining substitution--were only partially achieved. They were compromised to some extent because of the pressure from the Department of Labor for rapid expansion and the tendency of localities to adapt federal programs to local objectives. In the interest of speed and of ensuring local cooperation, the definition of projects was watered down, and the criteria for eligibility were liberalized. (This book-length study contains detail on program participants, program implementation, and recommendations for improvement.) (KC)