The role of individual institutions and college-state agency cooperation in reducing program duplication is discussed. Declining enrollments and financial problems have necessitated determining what courses/programs will be offered at which institutions. At the freshman and sophomore level, states usually require that community colleges and lower-division branch campuses offer curricula articulated with those in the first 2 years of senior colleges and universities. In most states, curriculum proposals are initiated on campus (in a department, division, or college); the proposal then goes to a university coordinating office for review before being sent to a state-level approval body. Degree programs may be identified as appropriate (or inappropriate) for a given institution on the basis of that institution's mission, history, or special designation. Attempts to control program duplication are even more pronounced at the graduate level. Factors that work against state-level planning include: intrastate regionalism, institutional resistance to change, geographic dispersion of institutions, alumni and legislative political pressure, and faculty resistance. (SW)