The impact of certain types of training on labor productivity or performance in different settings was assessed. In the manufacturing sector, it was found that the extent of in-house, employer-sponsored, job-related training has a positive relationship with output per labor hour. The extent of this type of training received out-of-house did not appear to have this positive association. In the case of managerial and professional employees at two large manufacturing companies studied, attendance at a formal training program appeared to have a positive impact on rated performance. At one of the two companies, however, salary growth did not reflect the positive training-performance relationship. Study results had these implications for human resources management: (1) a company's formal training programs should be chosen with care; (2) some direct evaluation of the contribution of these programs is possible; and (3) the interface between training and other personnel practices, in particular compensation policy, should be carefully considered. (YLB)