This paper reviews in detail the history and current status of the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH), since its beginning in 1934, as the only world-wide, voluntary, non-governmental, interdisciplinary, mental health coalition comprised of both volunteer and professional organizations as well as individual members. The relationship of the WFMH to other world health and mental health organizations is presented along with a discussion of its twin goals of education in the area of mental health, and advocacy for the rights and welfare of the mentally ill and their families. The activities and plans of the WFMH for bringing about the optimal functioning of such vulnerable populations as minorities, migrants and refugees, the elderly, victims of violence, and mothers and infants are also discussed. Differences between the positive mental health goals of this voluntary, nongovernmental organization and intergovernmental agencies are highlighted with particular reference to community responsibility, professionalism, and the centralization of authority. (Author/JAC)