This booklet contains proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the University/Urban Schools National Task Force. The conference was held to present information about four programs designed to help high school students to sharpen their reasoning skills. Criteria for program development state that: (1) the program can be taught to teachers in a relatively short time; (2) the program has available materials for use by students; (3) the program has a balanced approach to the treatment of content and verbal operations and processes; (4) the program can be integrated into the current organizational framework of high schools; and (5) research evidence exists concerning the effectiveness of the program in enabling students to reason well. The four programs so designed are described in the following reports: (1) "Instrumental Enrichment: Strategy for Cognitive and Academic Improvement," by Frances R. Link; (2) "Integrating Thinking and Reasoning Abilities Within the Curriculum," by Mary Meeker; (3) "Strategic Reasoning," by Howard Citron; and (4) "The Direct Teaching of Thinking as a Skill," by Edward de Bono. (Author/WAM)