Doctorate holders who received their degrees in science or other fields between 1930 and 1972 and who held jobs in the sciences and engineering (S/E) were surveyed. Findings include the following: employment of doctorates in S/E activities continued to grow between 1979 and 1981 at the same rate since 1975, about 5 percent per year, reaching a total of 314,000 in 1981; this growth in job opportunities was about equal to the growth in available supply; declines in S/E utilization rate (i.e., the number employed in S/E activities per 100 Ph.D. scientists and engineers in the labor force) were particularly notable in the mathematical and social sciences over the 1973-1981 period; S/E job opportunities for Ph.D. computer, life, and environmental scientists and engineers remained strong; although representing only 3 percent of the total, computer sciences outpaced all other doctoral S/E employment between 1979 and 1981, growing at an average annual rate of 16 percent; job opportunities continued to shift from educational institutions and government to business/industry; although 55 percent of all doctoral S/E employment was at educational institutions, the demand in academia continued to increase at a below-average rate; and minorities and women continued to increase their share of the doctoral population. (SW)