The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in parental motivation, but little is known about the psychological factors underlying fertility rates and motivation. To examine the relationship of individual personality factors and expected family size and specific values about having children, 341 college students completed a questionnaire, the Value of Children Scales, and the Personal Values Abstract Scales. No differences were found in fertility expectations by gender, nor were fertility expectations related to the personality variables (femininity, socialization and efficacy). Gender differences were found in the value placed on children. Specific values about children were differentially related to personality factors with efficacy showing the strongest relationship. Fertility expectations were also related to the specific values about children. The findings confirm that men and women value children differently. (Author/JAC)