Sex differences in school learning are examined with a focus on how the variable of gender affects the teaching, learning, development, and behavior of children. The initial entries in this collection of articles focus on reading: the reading interests of girls and boys, sex bias and stereotyping in reading tests, and the influence of gender, sex-role beliefs, and socioeconomic status on listening comprehension. The second section deals with sex differences in the field of mathematics. The combined references of the two articles in this section provide almost 50 opportunities for further reading and research. The third section examines the issues of gender and sex stereotyping. Articles focus on children's understanding of gender, the influence of sex stereotyping in limiting children's play choices, the responses of kindergarten and fourth-grade students to a series of gender-related stories, a "curriculum of self-concept," and the knowledge and attitudes of preservice teachers toward the role of women in society. The final section examines sex differences from the perspective of nonverbal and verbal behaviors, describing sex differences in nonverbal skills and discussing implications for children's developing communicative and social skills. Implications of sex differences in "male and female language" for teachers are also pointed out. (RH)